Can a simple phone notification motivate people to walk more? A new large-scale study explored this question using data from more than 20,000 users of the fitness app WeWard in France. Researchers tested whether different types of reminders—such as comparing users to other walkers, reminding them of their own past performance, or encouraging them not to “waste” previous effort—could increase both app use and physical activity.

The results reveal an important gap between digital engagement and real-world behaviour. Messages based on peer comparison were effective at getting users to open the app more often, especially when reminders were sent over a longer period. But despite higher engagement, none of the reminder strategies led to a meaningful increase in the number of steps people walked.

The findings suggest that while behavioural nudges and social comparisons can capture attention, changing everyday habits like exercise may require stronger or more sustained interventions. As fitness apps and wearable technologies become increasingly popular tools for promoting healthy lifestyles, the study highlights the importance of measuring actual behavioural change—not just clicks, app opens, or screen time.

Braut, B., Mollier, C., & Zaccagni, S. (2026). Step into action: How reminders shape engagement in fitness apps. Economica. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.70053