The relation between autobiographical memory and the self has intrigued researchers for decades. This complex relationship has been studied from an abundance of perspectives, including philosophical, social, neural, developmental, cultural and clinical perspectives. There is strong evidence that our current sense of self, our goals and attitudes, affect how we remember and construct our personal past, and that our personal memories help us to maintain a positive sense of self. Yet, many questions are left unresolved. Although our memories and sense of self are intertwined, they are also somewhat independent phenomena. For example, not all memory loss affects our sense of self. Thus, exactly how should this relationship be understood?